Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Risk of Prostate Cancer Progression During Active Surveillance
CUA Online Library. Moreel X. 06/22/13; 31399; UP-20
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Abstract
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INTRODUCTION:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men from western countries. Its incidence is highly variable between countries, with a 60 fold-difference between the highest (African American men in the USA) and the lowest (Japanese and Chinese men) countries. Lifestyle, particularly diet, may explain these differences. We hypothesized that the controversy regarding the association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) and prostate cancer risk can be explained, at least partly, by measurement errors when assessing food intake by survey methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Here, we present preliminary results of a phase II clinical trial in men affected with low-risk PCa and managed under active surveillance. MATERIEL AND METHODS:
Sixty-four (64) untreated men diagnosed with low risk PCa underwent a second biopsy session within 3 to 6 months after initial diagnosis. At the second biopsy session, patients were asked to complete a validated web-based FFQ to assess dietary intake over the past month. Blood samples were also collected and 2 additional biopsy cores were taken in the normal peripheral zone of the gland. Fatty acid profile from red blood cells (RBC) and prostate tissue was determined by gas-chromatography. Patients were included in the analyses if fatty-acid profiles from both RBC and prostate tissue were available (59 men). Statistical analyses were performed with nonparametric Fligner-Policello test.
RESULTS:
At the second biopsy session, 17 men (29%) had a progression of their PCa. The EPA levels in the prostate tissue were lower in men with PCa progression compared to men without PCa progression (p<0,0001). Similar results were observed for EPA measured in RBC (p=0,029) and EPA dietary intake estimated with the FFQ (p=0,011), but associations were of lower magnitude.
DISCUSSION:
These data suggest that a high intake of EPA as reflected by FFQ, RBC and measured in the prostate tissue may be protective on PCa progression. Our data may also explain the controversy about n3-PUFA intake and PCa risk.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men from western countries. Its incidence is highly variable between countries, with a 60 fold-difference between the highest (African American men in the USA) and the lowest (Japanese and Chinese men) countries. Lifestyle, particularly diet, may explain these differences. We hypothesized that the controversy regarding the association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) and prostate cancer risk can be explained, at least partly, by measurement errors when assessing food intake by survey methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Here, we present preliminary results of a phase II clinical trial in men affected with low-risk PCa and managed under active surveillance. MATERIEL AND METHODS:
Sixty-four (64) untreated men diagnosed with low risk PCa underwent a second biopsy session within 3 to 6 months after initial diagnosis. At the second biopsy session, patients were asked to complete a validated web-based FFQ to assess dietary intake over the past month. Blood samples were also collected and 2 additional biopsy cores were taken in the normal peripheral zone of the gland. Fatty acid profile from red blood cells (RBC) and prostate tissue was determined by gas-chromatography. Patients were included in the analyses if fatty-acid profiles from both RBC and prostate tissue were available (59 men). Statistical analyses were performed with nonparametric Fligner-Policello test.
RESULTS:
At the second biopsy session, 17 men (29%) had a progression of their PCa. The EPA levels in the prostate tissue were lower in men with PCa progression compared to men without PCa progression (p<0,0001). Similar results were observed for EPA measured in RBC (p=0,029) and EPA dietary intake estimated with the FFQ (p=0,011), but associations were of lower magnitude.
DISCUSSION:
These data suggest that a high intake of EPA as reflected by FFQ, RBC and measured in the prostate tissue may be protective on PCa progression. Our data may also explain the controversy about n3-PUFA intake and PCa risk.
INTRODUCTION:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men from western countries. Its incidence is highly variable between countries, with a 60 fold-difference between the highest (African American men in the USA) and the lowest (Japanese and Chinese men) countries. Lifestyle, particularly diet, may explain these differences. We hypothesized that the controversy regarding the association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) and prostate cancer risk can be explained, at least partly, by measurement errors when assessing food intake by survey methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Here, we present preliminary results of a phase II clinical trial in men affected with low-risk PCa and managed under active surveillance. MATERIEL AND METHODS:
Sixty-four (64) untreated men diagnosed with low risk PCa underwent a second biopsy session within 3 to 6 months after initial diagnosis. At the second biopsy session, patients were asked to complete a validated web-based FFQ to assess dietary intake over the past month. Blood samples were also collected and 2 additional biopsy cores were taken in the normal peripheral zone of the gland. Fatty acid profile from red blood cells (RBC) and prostate tissue was determined by gas-chromatography. Patients were included in the analyses if fatty-acid profiles from both RBC and prostate tissue were available (59 men). Statistical analyses were performed with nonparametric Fligner-Policello test.
RESULTS:
At the second biopsy session, 17 men (29%) had a progression of their PCa. The EPA levels in the prostate tissue were lower in men with PCa progression compared to men without PCa progression (p<0,0001). Similar results were observed for EPA measured in RBC (p=0,029) and EPA dietary intake estimated with the FFQ (p=0,011), but associations were of lower magnitude.
DISCUSSION:
These data suggest that a high intake of EPA as reflected by FFQ, RBC and measured in the prostate tissue may be protective on PCa progression. Our data may also explain the controversy about n3-PUFA intake and PCa risk.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men from western countries. Its incidence is highly variable between countries, with a 60 fold-difference between the highest (African American men in the USA) and the lowest (Japanese and Chinese men) countries. Lifestyle, particularly diet, may explain these differences. We hypothesized that the controversy regarding the association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) and prostate cancer risk can be explained, at least partly, by measurement errors when assessing food intake by survey methods such as food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Here, we present preliminary results of a phase II clinical trial in men affected with low-risk PCa and managed under active surveillance. MATERIEL AND METHODS:
Sixty-four (64) untreated men diagnosed with low risk PCa underwent a second biopsy session within 3 to 6 months after initial diagnosis. At the second biopsy session, patients were asked to complete a validated web-based FFQ to assess dietary intake over the past month. Blood samples were also collected and 2 additional biopsy cores were taken in the normal peripheral zone of the gland. Fatty acid profile from red blood cells (RBC) and prostate tissue was determined by gas-chromatography. Patients were included in the analyses if fatty-acid profiles from both RBC and prostate tissue were available (59 men). Statistical analyses were performed with nonparametric Fligner-Policello test.
RESULTS:
At the second biopsy session, 17 men (29%) had a progression of their PCa. The EPA levels in the prostate tissue were lower in men with PCa progression compared to men without PCa progression (p<0,0001). Similar results were observed for EPA measured in RBC (p=0,029) and EPA dietary intake estimated with the FFQ (p=0,011), but associations were of lower magnitude.
DISCUSSION:
These data suggest that a high intake of EPA as reflected by FFQ, RBC and measured in the prostate tissue may be protective on PCa progression. Our data may also explain the controversy about n3-PUFA intake and PCa risk.
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